County Histories

A Memorial and Biographical History of Northern California - Chicago, Lewis Publ. Co., 1891

EARLY NAVIGATION.

        Doubtless the first navigation on the Sacramento River was conducted by the Russians from Sitka Island, who were located at Ross and Bodega on the coast, and engaged in trade in furs, hides, tallow, etc. They were in this region prior to 1840, carrying on trade with the interior up to the time of their selling out to Captain Sutter; but the hostility of the Spanish Government and the expense of maintaining their position finally caused them to abandon the field. At that time also there was in this part of the country an agency for the Hudson Bay Company. In 1841 Sutter purchased the property of the Russians, including a small schooner of forty tons' burden, with which they had made short voyages along the coast. The first record we have of its appearance up the Sacramento River was in August of that year, though probably it had been upon its waters previously. This may be considered the date of the commencement of American commerce upon this stream. According to the terms of Sutter's bargain with the Russians, he was to furnish a given quantity of grain each year for their settlement on the Northwest coast, and the transportation of this product every fall to the bay was a part of the regular trade upon which this vessel entered. She was manned and subsequently commanded by Indians selected from Sutter's domesticated tribes, and for a long time was the only "regular packet" on the river. After performing a number of important offices during the war, she was taken down to San Francisco in the spring of 1848, to carry thither the tidings of the discovery of gold. She continued to be the largest schooner on the river up to the period when the commerce with the mines began.

        The Brooklyn Mormons also owned a launch called the Comet, which made three trips to the settlement on the Stanislaus, and was the pioneer on the San Joaquin.

        The voyage from San Francisco to New Helvetia, or Sutter's Fort, as Sacramento was then called, and back to the city, occupied from two to four weeks.

In the spring of 1848, when the rush for gold set in, the San Francisco Star (of May 20) thus ironically alludes to the first embarkations: "Fleet of launches left this place on Sunday and Monday last, bound up the Sacramento River, 'closely stowed with human beings led by the love of filthy lucre to the perennial-yielding gold mines of the north, where a man can find upward of two ounces a day,' and two thousand men can find their hands full '—of hard work." May 27 the same editor said; "Launches have plied without cessation between this place and New Helvetia during this time (since the discovery of gold). The Sacramento, a first-class craft, left here on Thursday last, thronged with passengers for the gold mines—a motley assemblage, composed of lawyers, merchants, grocers, carpenters, cartmen and cooks, all possessed with the desire of suddenly becoming rich." He also stated that at that time over 300 men were engaged in washing gold, and parties were continually arriving from every part of the country. San Francisco was soon made to present a desolate appearance on account of the sudden departure of her principal citizens for the gold field. During the first eight weeks a quarter of a million dollars' worth of gold was taken to that city, and during the second eight weeks $600,000 worth. By this time (September) the number of persons in the diggings was estimated at 6,000. "An export at last! " was the 'exclamation of the San Franciscan editor; ''and it is gold."

        The first vessel whose tonnage exceeded that of the "launches" was the schooner Providence, Hinckley, Master, which ascended the Sacramento in April, 1849. For several years previous she had been engaged between Tahiti and the Sandwich Islands. Her burden was less than 100 tons. In March that year Samuel Brannan purchased the Eliodora, a Chilian vessel, filled it with goods and started up the river in April. The Joven Guipuzcoana, a Peruvian vessel, and other large sailing vessels of first-class dimensions, soon followed. At the date of their arrival about twelve stores and tenements graced the locality of Sacramento. Meanwhile several vessels of considerable size also ascended the San Joaquin to Stockton.

        On the success of the Joven Guipuzcoana were founded the plans of the first steam navigation companies. Her trip to Sacramento demonstrated the practicability of navigation by such large vessels as the McKim and the Senator, which soon followed. In the month of May the crowning exploit in the history of sailing vessels was performed. This was the trip of the Bark Whiton, Gelston the master, to Sacramento in seventy-two hours from San Francisco, and 140 days from New York. She went up with her royal yards crossed, without meeting with a single detention, though she was a vessel of 241 tons' burden and drew nine and a half feet of water.

        The first steamboat that ever plowed the waters of either the bay or the rivers of this State arrived at the port of San Francisco, October 14, 1847, owned by Captain Leidesdorff, a man of remarkable enterprise, who was the chief instrumentality in laying the corner-stone of San Francisco's prosperity. She was packed on board a Russian bark from Sitka. Leidesdorff had carried on a trade with the Russians at their American settlement for seven years previous; and, hearing that a small steamboat was in use upon their waters, he sent up and purchased it for his hide and tallow commerce on the small streams leading from the inland embarcaderos to the bay. The vessel, not exceeding forty tons' burden, was put together under the lee of Yerba Buena Island, was named " Little Sitka," and on the 15th of November, 1847, steamed out under the management of a Russian engineer who had superintended her construction. From a swivel gun mounted upon her bow was occasionally fired a salutation. She successfully rounded the island and arrived in port, hailed by the cheers of a multitude. This boat was long, low, and what the sailors termed very "crank." The weight of a single person on her guards would throw one of her wheels out of water.

        Her first trip for business was made down to Santa Clara, with indifferent success. Her next trip was up to Sacramento, in the latter part of November, 1847, and safely arrived at the embarcadero of Sutter's Fort. Nearly a month elapsed, however, before her return; and in the meantime various were the jokes and jibes "launched" at her and on the proprietor, who nevertheless persisted that he would yet "make the smoke fly on the bay," and hand the name of his first steamboat "down to dexterity," as he pronounced the word.

        On the 12th of February following (1848) this little steamer was swamped by a norther while lying at anchor at San Francisco Bay. It was raised, the engine taken out, and the hull converted into a sailing vessel which served well for years. The engine, after having rusted on the sandy beach for a long time, was finally made to do duty in a small domestic manufactory in San Francisco. The little steamboat enterprise just described was, however, more a freak of will than the demand of business.

        But to whom belongs the having first projetted the running of good steamboats for traffic after the great tide of gold emigration had set in, it is difficult to say. The first vessel propelled by steam entering the Bay of San Francisco was the California, February 28, 1849. The excursion of the steamship Oregon from San Francisco to Benicia and back, April 21 of the same year, was the first trip of a steam vessel of any magnitude into any of the interior waters adjacent to the main bay. It was indeed a successful and magnificent excursion. Prior to this, however, announcements had been made that steamboats were on their way from the East to California, to ply on the rivers here. The first of these announcements was issued from the office of the old Placer Times, when that journal was first started at Sutterville, in April, 1849. It was printed in the forth of a handbill, at the order of some of the proprietors of that place.  May 19, the following advertisement appeared in the Times: "Ten thousand cords of wood. We wish to employ any number of men that may call, to cut wood at Sutterville for the use of the steamers. George McDougal & Co., Sutterville, May 15, 1859." Of course the wood was never cut.

        During the summer of 1849 a number of steamboat enterprises were on foot, and the keels of several small vessels, brought by some of the ships chartered by the gold hunters, were laid at different points on the river and bay. The first of this series of which we have any record was one of about fifty tons burden, put together at Benicia, the material having been brought from the East by way of the Horn on board the Edward Everett. She made her first trip to Sacramento, August 17, 1849.

        About this period also were established the first regular express lines in the State, two commencing business between here and San Francisco, to take the business of the regular mail, which was at that time the subject of bitter complaint and unsparing ridicule. August 25, another small steamboat from Philadelphia began to ply the river, accommodating some thirty passengers and running about seven knots an hour.

        About the first boat advertised for regular trips between this city and San Francisco appears to have been the Sacramento, in September, 1849, commanded by Captain John Van Pelt. She had two engines of sixteen horse­power, could carry about 100 passengers, besides freight. She was built about where Washington now stands, opposite the northern portion of Sacramento City, and the captain, who became a sort of Pacific Vanderbilt, made successful and regular trips with the vessel as far down as "New York of the Pacific," where passengers and freight had to be transferred.

        About the same time a little steam dredge, brought out by the Yuba Company, was set up in a scow and started on a trip up the Feather River, carrying a quantity of bricks, at $1.00 each for freight (!), and lumber at $150 per 1,000 feet. Two months after her arrival she was sold at auction for $40,000.

        The next boat was the Mint, also a small one, put up at San Francisco, which was really the first steamboat to make successful trips with passengers and freight all the way between that city and Sacramento, beginning in the middle of October, 1849.

        The propeller McKim was the first large vessel that ever navigated the Sacramento River by steam. She had doubled Cape Horn and arrived at San Francisco, October 3, and was immediately put in order by her San Francisco agents, Simmons, Hutchinson & Co., for the Sacramento trade. She drew eight feet of water, and many doubted whether she could ascend the river to that point; but she arrived there on the 27th of that month, amid the cheers of an immense crowd lining the shore. The fine old steamer Senator became her rival November 6, 1849.

        During these times the fare from Sacramento to San Francisco was $30.

        The little steamer called the Washington was the first that ascended as far as Vernon, at the mouth of Feather River, to which point she made regular trips. In April, 1850, the Ætna, a very small steamer, ascended the American as far as "Norristown," the first and probably the last time that point had ever been reached by a steamboat. May 8, 1850, the Jack Hayes reached the town of Redding at the head-waters of the Sacramento River, within forty-five miles of the Trinity Diggings.  Among those who first took their place on the route between this point and Yuba City, at the mouth of the Yuba River, the early rival of Marysville, was the little steamboat Linda, in the fall of 1849.

        The steamer New World was built at New York city, purposely for a trip to California, in the fall of 1849 and spring of 1850. It was 320 feet long, and of 530 tons' burden. The proprietor, William H. Brown, becoming financially embarrassed, had to take the sheriff in as partner. The latter employed deputies to go and remain on board during the launching, and to make assurance doubly sure he went upon board himself, but was unknown to the captain, Ed. Wakeman. The vessel was held to the port of New York by law, and the launching was ostensibly for the only purpose of getting the boat into the water. Steam, however, was raised previous to the launching, and the sheriff, incognito, inquired what it meant. The reply was, "To wear the rust off the bearings and see that the engine worked well." But the captain, after steaming around the harbor awhile, put out to sea, against the protests of the sheriff. The captain and his crew, being more numerous than the sheriff and his posse, put them ashore in row boats, and came their way around Cape Horn to California! They made a fine voyage, and arrived at San Francisco July 11, 1850.

        For a long time thereafter the New World and the Senator made alternate trips between Sacramento and Benicia. Afterward she was employed in the coasting and oceanic trade, and some years ago was overhauled at San Francisco and transformed into a magnificent ferry-boat, and as such is now employed on the bay.

Captain Wakeman was, at last accounts, a resident of San Francisco, which he has made his home ever since coming to the coast.

        In pioneer times steamboat explosions were common, several occurring almost every week in 1850, and some of them were fearfully destructive of life and property. That was before the era of modern safety engines, but many of those explosions were due either to defective boilers or careless engineers, or both. Occasionally a terrible explosion occurred as late as 1856 or later.

GOVERNMENTAL.

        From the nature of the case, governmental affairs in California have generally been at least interesting, and often complicated and exciting. The transition from the old Mexican system to that of the United States, complicated meanwhile by the local substitutes improvised by the miners, during their abnormal rush to this State in the absence of a well organized system under general law, was peculiarly perplexing even to the astutest statesmen. It was during this State of affairs, June 3, 1849, that General Bennett Riley, by virtue of his office as military commander of California under the authority of the United States, issued a proclamation for the election of delegates to a convention to form a State constitution.

        For the purpose of a fair representation in this convention, he divided the State into ten districts, the northern portion of the State being covered by the two districts of Sonoma and Sacramento.

        The Sonoma district included all that territory which was bounded by the sea, the bays of San Francisco and Suisun, the Sacramento River and Oregon; and the delegates elected from this district were M. G. Vallejo and J. P. Walker of Sonoma, and Robert Semple of Benicia.

        The Sacramento district embraced all the territory north of the Cosumnes River, and bounded on the west by the Sacramento River and east by the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Four delegates were allotted to this district, but the immigration was so rapid that according to the principle of apportionment it was entitled to many more. Under this call Jacob R. Snyder, W. E. Shannon, Winfield S. Sherwood and John A. Sutter were elected. When the convention met at Monterey, Saturday, September 1, 1849, there was not a quorum present, and an adjournment was made until the next Monday, at which it was organized. Discussion was at once commenced on the subject of representation, other districts also claiming seats for additional delegates, and the matter was difficult to settle satisfactorily. In the afternoon a report was made by the committee on privileges and elections recommending the admission of eight delegates from the Sacramento district, and naming for the additional four L. W. Hastings, J. S. Fowler, John Bidwell and M. M. McCarver. The report called forth considerable debate, ending the next day in the adoption of a report by a special committee allowing this district fifteen delegates, and for the remaining seven nominating John McDougal, Elisha O. Crosby, W. Blackburn, James Queen, R. M. Jones, W. Lacy and Charles E. Pickett.

        Of the fifteen but eight are recorded as having participated in the deliberations of the convention, namely:

        Jacob R. Snyder, thirty-four years of age, born in Philadelphia, came here from Pennsylvania four years previously, surveyor by profession and postoffice Sacramento.

        Winfield S. Sherwood, thirty-two years old, a native of Sandy Hill, New York, resided at Mormon Island, in this State four months, a lawyer.

        L. W. Hastings, lawyer from Knox County, Ohio, thirty years of age, in this State six years, postoffice Sutter.

        John A. Sutter, farmer, a native of Switzerland, came to California in 1838 from Missouri, and forty-seven years old at the time of this convention.

        John McDougal, merchant at Sutter, thirty-two years old, a native of Ohio, came to this State from Indiana seven months previously.

        Elisha O. Crosby, lawyer, thirty-four years of age, from Tompkins County, New York, postoffice Vernon, and resident of this State seven months.

        M. M. McCarver, farmer, forty-two years old, born in Madison County, Kentucky, came from Oregon to this State one year previously, and a resident of Sacramento.

        W. E. Shannon, a lawyer, resident at Coloma three years, twenty-seven years of age, a native of County Mayo, Ireland, and came to this State from New York.

        The constitution framed, it was submitted to the people and voted upon November 13, 1849. The total vote in the State was for the constitution 12,064 and against the constitution 811. The population at that time in the different districts are computed as follows: San Diego, 346; Los Angeles, 643; Santa Barbara, 226; San Luis Obispo, 44; Monterey, 365; San Jose, 541; San Francisco, 6,159; Sonoma, 623; Sacramento, 18,390; San Joaquin, 10,582.

        At the time the constitution was ratified and State officers elected, the members of the Legislature were also elected. The Senators were Elisha O. Crosby, John Bidwell and H. C. Robinson; and the Representatives to the Assembly were Thomas J. Henly, Elisha W. McKinstry and George B. Tingly.

        The members of the second constitutional convention in 1879, from Northern California, were as follows:

Andrews, A. R.                        Shasta City.

Barry, Edmund                         Nevada City.

Barton, James N.                     Ferndale.

Belcher, Isaac S                      Marysville.

Berry, J.                                 Yreka.

Biggs, Marion                         Biggs Station.

Boggs, H. C                           Lakeport.

Boucher, Josiah                      Dayton.

Burt, Samuel B.                      Bath.

Caples, James.                       Folsom.

Chapman, Augustus H.          Chico.

Charles, J. M                        Vallejo Tp.

Cowden, D. H.                     Marysville.

Cross, C- W                         Nevada City.

Crouch, Robert.                    Napa.

Davis, Hamlet                       Truckee.

Dean, J. E                            Placerville.

Dudley, J. M                        Dixon.

Dunlap, Presley                    Sacramento.

Eagon, John A.                    Jackson.

Edgerton, Henry                  Sacramento.

Estey, Thomas H.                San Antonio.

Filcher, J. A.                       Auburn.

Freeman, Abraham C.         Sacramento.

Glascock, B. B.                  Spring Valley.

Hale, James E.                    Auburn.

Harvey, Joel A                   Vallejo.

Hilborn, G.                         Vallejo.

Huestis, W. F.                    Eureka.

Hunter, G. W.                   Greenwood.

Johnson, G. A.                  Santa Rosa.

Kelley, John M.                Woodland.

Keyes, James H.               Kempton's Crossing.

Larkin, Henry                    Diamond Spring.

La Rue, Hugh M.             Sacramento.

McConnell, Thomas         Elk Grove.

McCoy, John                   Grass Valley.

McFarland, T. B.             Sacramento.

McNutt, John F               Rose Bar.

Mills, Hiram                    Martinez.

Moreland, W. W.           Healdsburg.

Murphy, James E.          Crescent City.

Noel, Alonzo E              Lakeport.

Ohleyer, George            Yuba City.

Overton, A. P               Santa Rosa.

Porter, J. M.                 Jackson.

Prouty, William H.         Ione Valley.

Pulliam, M. R. C.          Cherokee.

Reed, Charles F.          Knight's Landing.

Rhodes, John M.          Woodland.

Shoemaker, Rufus        Grass Valley.

Shurtleff, Benjamin        Napa.

Soule, Ezra P                Susanville.

Stevenson, D. C           Millville.

Stuart, C. V                 Glen Ellen.

Sweasey, W. J.            Eureka.

Tinnin, W. J.                Weaverville.

Townsend, F. O.         Ukiah.

Turner, Henry, K.        Sierra Valley.

Walker, Hugh             Olema.

Wickes, John T.         Grass Valley.

Wilson, H. C              Tehama City.

        At the time of the American conquest the courts existed, in the Mexican laws of 1837, as follows: The highest court, having an appellate jurisdiction and corresponding in character to our present Supreme Court, was the Superior Court, consisting of four judges and an attorney general. If was divided into the first and second benches, the three senior judges composing the first and the junior the second. The first bench was called the "Court of the Third Instance," and its decisions were final. Appeals lay to this court from the second bench, or "Court of the Second Instance." The latter court had jurisdiction of appeals from the "Court of the First Instance," the highest local tribunal then existing, and corresponding very closely with our present Superior Court. The inferior magistrates were the "first" and "second alcaldes," having authority similar to that of justices of the peace. In some districts the duties of the judge of a court of the first instance were discharged by the first alcalde. The Mexican laws remained in force and justice was administered through the tribunals established by them until the courts were organized under the State constitution in 1850.

        After the conquest, and especially after the discovery of gold had led to the wild rush of men from all over the world and people a country before almost unknown save to the naked and barbarous natives, the courts became seriously disorganized, or rather failed to be organized at all.

GOVERNORS OF CALIFORNIA.

UNDER AMERICAN RULE.

        Peter H. Burnett, elected November 13, 1849; inaugurated December 20, 1849; resigned January 8, 1851.

        John McDougal (Lieutenant-Governor), inaugurated January 9, 1851. Died at San Francisco, March 30, 1866.

        John Bigler, elected September 3, 1851; inaugurated January 8, 1852; re-elected September 7, 1853; inaugurated January 7, 1854. Died at Sacramento, November 29, 1871.

        J. Neely Johnson, elected September 5, 1855; inaugurated January 9, 1856. Died at Salt Lake August 31,1872.

        John B. Weller, elected September 2, 1857; inaugurated January 8, 1858. Died at New Orleans, August 17, 1875.

        Milton S. Latham, elected September 7, 1859; inaugurated January 9, 1860; resigned January 11,1860. Died at New York, March 4, 1882.

        John G. Downey (Lieutenant-Governor), inaugurated January 14, 1860.

        Leland Stanford, elected September 4, 1861; inaugurated January 10, 1862.

        Frederick F. Low, elected September 2, 1863; inaugurated December 10, 1863.

        Henry H. Haight, elected September 4, 1867; inaugurated December 5, 1867. Died at San Francisco, September 2, 1878.

        Newton Booth, elected September 6, 1871; inaugurated December 8, 1871; resigned February 27, 1875.

        Romualdo Pacheco (Lieutenant-Governor), inaugurated February 27, 1875.

        William Irwin, elected September 1,1875; inaugurated December 9, 1875. Died at San Francisco, March 15, 1886.

        George C. Perkins, elected September 3, 1879; inaugurated January 8, 1880.

        George Stoneman, elected November 7, 1882; inaugurated January 10, 1883.

        Washington Bartlett, elected November 2, 1886; inaugurated January 8, 1887. Died in office at Oakland, September 12, 1887.

        R. W. Waterman (Lieutenant-Governor), inaugurated September 13, 1887.

UNITED STATES SENATORS.

        John C. Fremont, elected December 20, 1849; term commenced December 20, 1849.

        William M. Gwin, elected December 20, 1849; term commenced December 20, 1849.

        John B. Weller, elected January 30, 1852, to succeed Fremont; term commenced March 4, 1851, The former Legislature had failed to elect, and hence the unfilled vacancy. Weller was afterward Governor.

        David C. Broderick, elected January 10, 1857, to succeed Weller; term commenced March 4, 1857. He had been Lieutenant-Governor.

        William M. Gwin, elected January 13, 1857, to succeed himself; term commenced March 4, 1855. Former Legislature had failed to elect, and hence the unfilled vacancy. He died at New York September 3, 1885.

        Henry P. Haun, appointed by Governor Weller to succeed Broderick, deceased, October 26, 1859. He died at Marysville June 6, 1860.

        Milton S. Latham, elected to serve out the balance of Broderick's term, January 11, 1860. He had been Governor.

        James A. McDougall, elected April 2, 1861, to succeed Gwin; term commenced March 4, 1861. He had been Attorney-General.

        John Conness, elected February 10, 1863, to succeed Latham; term commenced March 4, 1863.

        Cornelius Cole, elected December 16, 1865, to succeed McDougall; term commenced March 4, 1867.

        Eugene Casserly, elected December 20, 1867, to succeed Conness; term commenced March 4, 1869; resigned November 28, 1873. He had been State Printer.

        Aaron A. Sargent, elected December 20, 1871, to succeed Cole; term commenced March 4, 1873. He died at San Francisco August 14, 1887.

        John S. Hager, elected for short term to fill Casserly's vacancy, December 23, 1873.

        Newton Booth, elected December 20, 1873, to succeed the Casserly term; term commenced March 4, 1875.

        James T. Farley, elected December 19, 1877, to succeed Sargent; term commenced March 4, 1879. He died at Jackson, January 22, 1886.

        John F. Miller, elected January 12, 1881, to succeed Booth; term commenced March 4, 1881. He died in office at Washington March 8, 1886.

        eland Stanford, elected January 28, 1885, to succeed Farley ; term commenced March 4, 1885.

        George Hearst, appointed by Governor Stoneman, March 23, 1886, to serve on term of Miller, deceased.

        A. P. Williams, elected August 4, 1886, to serve out Miller's unexpired term.

        George Hearst, elected January 19, 1887, to succeed Williams; term commenced March 4, 1887.

STATE SENATORS FROM NORTHERN CALIFORNIA.

J. P. Abbott, Marin and Contra Costa, 1887.

Alonzo W. Adams, Butte, Shasta, etc., 1851.

Isaac Allen, Yuba, 1858-'59.

Francis Anderson, Sierra, 1863.

James Anderson, Placer, 1858-'60.

W. L. Anderson, Napa, Lake and Sonoma, 1880-'81.

James H. Baker, Placer, 1858-'59.

F. T. Baldwin, San Joaquin, 1883-'85.

S. A. Ballou, Plumas and Butte, 1859-'60.

E. M. Banvard, Placer, 1869-'72.

Horace Beach, Yuba and Sutter, 1867-'70.

James Beazell, Alameda, 1875-'78.

Samuel B. Bell, Alameda and Santa Clara, 1857-'58.

David Belden, Nevada, 1865-'68.

J. E. Benton, Sacramento, 1863-'66.

J. Berry, Klamath, Siskiyou, etc., 1858-'59.

John Bidwell, Sacramento, 1849-'50.

 J. C. Birdseye, Nevada, 1863.

John Boggs, Colusa, etc., 1871-'74, 1887.

 J. W. Bones, Alameda, 187'7-'78.

Newton Booth, Sacramento, 1863.

David Boucher, Plumas, 1871-'72.

B. T. Bradley, Amador and Calaveras, 1859-'60.

E. L. Bradley, Placer, 1883.

J. M. Briceland, Trinity, Siskiyou, etc., 1849-'52.

F. M. Brown, San Joaquin, 1877-'78.

Wm. H. Brown, El Dorado and Alpine, 1877-'81.

Charles H. Bryan, Yuba and Sutter, 1854.

L. W. Buck, Solano and Yolo, 1883.

John C. Burch, Humboldt and Trinity, 1858-'59.

R. Burnell, Amador, 1862-'64.

Wm. Burnett, Sonoma, 1809-'70.

W. C. Burnett, Yuba and Sutter, 1856-'57.

S. B. Burt, Placer, 1880-'81.

E. F. Burton, Nevada, 1855-'56, 1858-'59.

Marshall Bynum, Napa, Solano and Yolo, 1880-'81, '87.

A. Caminetti, Amador and Calaveras, 1887.

A. B. Carlock, Modoc, Shasta and Trinity, 1880-'81.

G. J. Carpenter, El Dorado, 1857-'58.

A. P. Catlin, Sacramento, 1853-'54.

C. H. Chamberlain, San Joaquin, 1862-'63.

A. L. Chandler, Yuba and Sutter, 1883-'87.

J. N. Chappell, Shasta and Trinity, 1867-'70.

S. H. Chase, Nevada. 1857-'58, 1860-'61.

W. A. Cheney. Butte, Plumas and Lassen, 1880-'81.

Robert C. Clark, Sacramento, 1860-'61.

G. W. Colby, Sacramento, 1854-'55.

John C. Colman, Nevada, 1877-18.

A. Comte, Jr., 1869-'72.

John Conley, Butte, Plumas, etc., 1867-70.

Martin E Cooke. Sonoma, etc., 1851-'52.

John D. Cosby, Trinity and Klamath, 1856-'57.

John Coulter, Butte and Plumas, 1858.

Fred Cox, Sacramento, 1883-'85.

Dwight Crandall, Amador and Calaveras, 1856-'57.

A. M. Crane, Alameda, 1862-'63.

L. D. Crane, Yuba and Sutter, 1871-74.

W. H. Crane, Butte, etc., 1877-'78.

W. W. Crane, Jr., Alameda, 1863-'64.

John T. Crenshaw, Nevada, 1854-'55.

R. D. Crittenden, El Dorado, 1860-'61.

E. O. Crosby, Sacramento, 1849-'50.

E. O. Crosby, Yuba and Sutter, 1851.

C. W. Cross, Nevada and Sierra, 1883-'85.

Lewis Cunningham, Yuba, 1863-'66.

N. Green Curtis, Sacramento, 1867-'70, 1877-'78.

E. A. Davis, Yuba and Sutter, 1880-'81.

Sherman Day, Alameda and Santa Clara, 1855-'56.

J. J. De Haven, Del Norte, Klamath, etc., 1871-'74.

C. E. De Long, Marin, 1885.

George W. Dent, Contra Costa and San Joaquin, 1859, 1860.

A. St. C. Denver, El Dorado, 1859-'62.

James W. Denver, Trinity and Klamath, 1852-'53.

William B. Dickinson, 1858-'61.

M. W. Dixon, Alameda, 1887.

J. G. Doll, Colusa and Tehama, 1862-'63.

Samuel H. Dosh, Colusa and Shasta, 1856-'57.

D. F. Douglass, San Joaquin, 1849-'50; Calaveras, 1851.

F. R. Dray, Sacramento, 1887.

James A. Duffy, Sacramento, 1885.

Barlow Dyer, Calaveras, 1872-74.

John A. Eagon, Amador, 1860-'61.

Henry Edgerton, Napa, Yolo and Solano, 1860-'61.

Henry Edgerton, Sacramento, 1873-76.

W. B. English, Contra Costa and Marin, 1883.

James M. Estell, Napa and Solano, 1852-'53.

Geo. S. Evans, San Joaquin, 1863-'66, 1872-'78.

S. Ewer, Butte, Plumas, etc., 1865-'68.

James T. Farley, Amador and Alpine, 1869-70.

W. I. Ferguson, Sacramento, 1856-'58.

W. T. Ferguson, Sierra, 1857-'58.

J. A. Filcher, Placer, 1883-'85.

Henry M. Fiske, El Dorado, 1856-'57.

C. F. Foster, Colusa and Tehama, 1883-'85.

L. M. Foulke, Siskiyou, 1863-'64.

Thomas Fraser, El Dorado, 1873-'76, 1883.

A. French, El Dorado, 1855-'56.

Jacob Frye, Placer, 1852.

P. A. Gallagher, Calaveras, 1861-'62.

James H. Gardner, Sierra, 1854.

E. Carter, Shasta, etc., 1858-'59.

B. C. Gaskill, Butte, etc., 1862-'64.

William George, Nevada anti Sierra, 1880-'81.

H. C. Gesford, Yolo and Napa, 1887.

Edward Gibbons, Alameda, 1873-'76.

B. B. Glasscock, Colusa and Tehama, 1880-'81.

David Goodale, Contra Costa and Marin, 1871-'74.

Jesse O. Goodwin, Yuba and Sutter, 1857-'58, 1877-'78.

A. S. Gove, Sacramento, 1855-'56.

G. G. Goucher, Alpine, Mariposa, etc., 1887.

J. J. Green, Contra Costa and Marin, 1867-'70.

Thomas J. Green, Sacramento. 1849-'51.

Humphrey Griffith, Solano, Yolo and Napa, 1858-'59.

Jacob Gruwell, Contra Costa and Santa Clara, 1853-'54.

W. M. Gwin, Jr., Calaveras, etc, 1870-'72, 1877-'78.

James E. Hale, Placer, 1863-'66. A. P. Hall, Placer and El Dorado, 1887.

J. T. Hall, Solano and Yolo, 1863-'64.

S. F. Hamm, El Dorado, 1858-'59.

Thos. Hardy, Calaveras, 1865-'68.

J. H. Harlan, Solano and Yolo, 1880-'81.

W. D. Harriman, Placer, 1862-'63.

A. S. Hart, Butte and Plumas, 1858-'59.

C. Hartson, Napa, Lake, etc., 1863-'66.

O. Harvey, El Dorado, 1861-'63.

C. S. Haskell, Yuba and Sutter, 1863-'64.

J. C. Hawthorne, Placer, 1855-'56.

Creed Haymond, Sacramento, 1875-'78.

John P. Haynes, Humboldt, etc., 1860-'61, 1887.

E. H. Heacock, Sacramento, 1861-'62, 1863-'68.

H. P. Heintzelman, Sonoma and Marin, 1855-'56.

W. C. Hendricks, Butte, Plumas, etc., 1873-'76.

A. C. Henry, El Dorado, 1863-'64.

William Higby, Calaveras, 1863.

F. B. Higgins, Placer, 1863.

S. G. Hilborn, Solano and Yolo, 1875-'78.

John H. Hill, Sonoma, Marin, etc., 1861-'62.

William McP. Hill, Sonoma, Napa and Lake, 1875-'78.

E. C. Hinshaw, Sonoma, 1887.

William Holden, Lake, Napa, etc., 1862-'63.

G. W. Hook, El Dorado, 1854-'56.

Rienzi Hopkins, Calaveras, 1873-76.

A. T. Hudson, Amador and San Joaquin, 1880-'81.

J. M. Hudspeth, Sonoma, Marin, etc., 1853-'54.

G. W. Hunter, El Dorado, 1867-'70.

B. G. Hurlburt, Humboldt, 1885.

S. C. Hutchings, Sutter and Yuba, 1869-'72.

Richard Irwin, Butte and Plumas, 1861-'62.

William Irwin, Siskiyou, 1869-'74.

George A. Johnson, Sonoma, 1883-'85.

Grove L. Johnson, Sacramento, 1880-'81.

James Johnson, El Dorado, 1865-'68.

Josiah Johnson, Sacramento, 1880-'81.

William Johnston, Sacramento, 1880-'81.

Albert F. Jones, Butte, 1887.

John P. Jones, Shasta and Trinity, 1863-'66.

K. E. Kelly, Solano and Yolo, 1883.

W. W. Kellogg, Butte, Plumas, etc., 1883-'85.

B. F. Keene, El Dorado, 1852-'55.

Charles Kent, Nevada, 1871-'74.

L. M. Ketcham, Amador and Calaveras, 1858-'59.

Philip W. Keyser, Sutter, 1852.

William Kimball, Sierra, 1862.

Joseph Kutz, Nevada, 1862-'66.

John Lambert, Yolo and Solano, 1877-'78.

R. M. Lampson, Calaveras and Tuolumne, 1880-'81.

B. F. Langford, Amador and San Joaquin, 1880-'89.

C. J. Lansing, Nevada, 1859-'60.

Henry Larkin, El Dorado, 1869-'72.

C. A. Leake, Calaveras, 1854-'55.

S. T. Leet, Placer, 1860-'61.

W. H. Leonard, Calaveras, 1863-'66.

E. J. Lewis, Colusa and Tehama, 1867-'70, 1875-'78.

J. E. N. Lewis, Butte and Shasta, 1852.

William T. Lewis, Amador and Calaveras, 1858, 1862, 1863.

John Y. Lind, Amador and Calaveras, 1852-'53.

B. S. Lippincott, San Joaquin, 1849-'50.

C. E. Lippincott, Yuba, 1855-'56.

H. G. Livermore, El Dorado, 1854.

J. Logan, Colusa, Shasta, etc., 1860-'61.

Charles F. Lott, Butte, 1852-'53.

William H. Lyons, Nevada, 1853-'54.

F. L. Maddox, El Dorado, 1863-'66.

Henry Mahler, El Dorado, 1885.

Noble Martin, Placer, 1873-'76

W. B. May, Trinity, Klamath, etc., 1854-'55.

J. G. McCallum, El Dorado, 1856-'57.

W. H. McCoun, Contra Costa and San Joaquin, 1855, 1856.

James McCudden, Solano, 1887.

H. E. McCune, Solano and Yolo, 1873-'76.

H. J. McCussick, El Dorado 1871-'74.

Edward McGarry, Napa, Solano and Yolo, 1854-'55.

R. McGarvey, Mendocino, etc., 1875-'78.

John B. McGee, Butte and Plumas, 1856-'57.

J. C. McKibben, Yuba, 1852-'53.

John McMurray, Shasta and Trinity, 1871-'74.

James H. McNabb, Sonoma, 1863.

A. R. Meloney, Contra Costa and San Joaquin, 1857-'58.

R. S. Mesick, Yuba, 1857-'58.

William Minis, Yolo and Solano, 1869-'72.

L. B. Misner, Yolo and Solano, 1865-'68.

F. J. Moffitt, Alameda, 1887.

W. W. Moreland, Sonoma, 1880-'81.

D. L. Morrill, Calaveras, 1867-'70.

J. W. Moyle, Sierra, 1863-'64.

L. H. Murch, Del Norte, Klamath, etc., 1867-'70.

S. Myers, San Joaquin, 1863-'66.

Jacob H. Neff, Placer, 1871-'74.

A. B. Nixon, Sacramento, 1862-'63.

W. B. Norman, Amador and Calaveras, 1855-'57.

William C. Norton, Placer, 1877-'78.

Stephen G. Nye, Alameda, 1880-'81.

M. P. O'Connor, Nevada, 1869-'76.

Jasper O'Farrell, Sonoma. 1859-'60.

N. M. Orr, San Joaquin, 1869-'70.

George Oulton, Siskiyou, 1862-'63.

W. B. Parker, Solano, 1885.

W. H. Parks, Sutter and Yuba, 1859-'60.

W. H. Patterson, Modoc, Lassen, etc., 1887.

George Pearce, Sonoma, 1863-'68.

E. T. Peck, Butte, 1854-'55.

William W. Pendegast, Napa, Lake, etc., 1867-'74.

George C. Perkins, Butte, Lassen, etc., 1869-'74.

J. E. Perley, San Joaquin, 1867-'68.

C. B. Porter, Contra Costa and Marin, 1863-'66.

Nathan Porter, Alameda, 1877-'78.

O. B. Powers, Solano and Yolo, 1862-'63.

L. E. Pratt, Sierra, 1865-'68.

Johnson Price, Sacramento, 1859.

James H. Ralston, Sacramento, 1852-'53.

Daniel Ream, Siskiyou, etc., 1877-'78.

C. D. Reynolds, Calaveras and Tuolumne, 1883-'84.

R. A. Redman, Alameda and Santa Clara, 1859-'60.

A. L. Rhodes, Alameda and Santa Clara, 1869-'70.

E. W. Roberts, Nevada, 1863-'70.

H. E. Robinson, Sacramento, 1849-'52.

Henry Robinson, Alameda, 1865-'68.

A. H. Rose, Amador and Alpine, 1865-'68.

Joseph Routier, Sacramento, 1883-'85.

J. A. Rush, Colusa and Tehama, 1863-'66.

P. C. Rust, Yuba and Sutter, 1855-'56.

James T. Ryan, Trinity and Humboldt, 1860-'61.

P. H. Ryan, Humboldt, etc., 1880-'83.

E. D. Sawyer, Calaveras, 1854.

A. H. Saxton, El Dorado, 1863.

John D. Scellen, Sierra, 1855-'56.

Niles Searls, Nevada and Sierra, 1877-'78.

W. H. Sears, Contra Costa and Marin, 1880-'81.

Thomas B. Shannon, Plumas, 1863.

J. Shepard, Calaveras, 1863-'64.

Paul Shirley, Contra Costa and Marin, 1875-'78.

Benjamin Shurtleff, Shasta and Trinity, 1862-'63.

Samuel B. Smith, Sutter, 1853-'54.

Jonas Spect, Sonoma, 1849-'50.

Dennis Spencer, Napa, Sonoma, etc., 1883-'85.

S. Spencer, Yuba and Sutter, 1873-'76.

Royal T. Sprague, Shasta, etc., 1852-'55.

James G. Stebbins, Yuba and Sutter, 1854-'55.

A. W. Talialerro, Marin and Sonoma, 1857-'58.

Clay W. Taylor, Shasta, Modoc, etc., 1883-'85.

E. Teegarden, Sutter and Yuba, 1865-'66.

Philip W. Thomas, Placer, 1861-'62.

Harry I. Thornton, Sierra, 1861.

W. J. Tinnin, Shasta, Trinity, etc., 1875-'76.

Isaac S. Titus, El Dorado, 1859-'60.

Edward Tompkins, Alameda, 1869-'72.

H. K. Turner, Nevada and Sierra, 1869-'76.

B. F. Tutlle, Sonoma, 1871-'76.

Charles A. Tuttle, Placer, 1854-'55.

Charles A. Tweed, Placer, 1867-'70.

M. G. Vallejo, Sonoma, 1849-'50.

T. B. Van Buren, San Joaquin, 1751-'52.

J. M. Vance, Butte and Plumes, 1860-'61.

Walter Van Dyke, Humboldt, etc., 1862-'63.

T. L. Vermeule, San Joaquin, 1849-'50.

Henry Vrooman, Alameda, 1883-'87.

E. Wadsworth, Siskiyou, 1865-'68.

E. G. Waite, Nevada, 1856-'57.

Joseph Walkup, Placer, 1853-'54, 1857.

H. W. Wallis, Nevada and Sierra, 1883-'85.

Austin Walrath, Nevada, 1887.

James Walsh, Nevada, 1852.

John Walton, El Dorado, 1852-'53.

F. M. Warmcastle, San Joaquin, etc., 1861-'62.

H. P. Watkins, Yuba, 1860-'61.

B. J. Watson, Nevada and Sierra, 1880-'81.

William Watt, Nevada, 1861-'62.

J. T. Wendell, Solano and Yolo, 1880-'81.

Charles Westmoreland, Placer, 1856-'57.

E. D. Wheeler, Yuba, etc., 1859-'60.

A. P. Whitney, Sonoma, 1877-'78.

George E. Whitney, Alameda, 1883-'85.

L. S. Williams, Trinity and Klamath, 1853.

M. M. Wombough, Yolo and Colusa, 1852-'53.

M. J. Wright, Solano, 1885.

S. P. Wright, Del Norte, Klamath, etc., 1863-'64.

A. Yell, Lake and Mendocino, 1887.

John Yule, Placer, 1863-'64.

The political complexion of each county is probably best shown by the vote at the last presidential election, which was as follows:

Transcribed by Kathy Sedler.