Misc. Records
WHERE TO EMIGRATE AND WHY.
HOMES AND FORTUNES
THE BOUNDLESS WEST AND THE SUNNY SOUTH;
THEIR CLIMATE, SCENERY, SOIL,
PRODUCTIONS, RAILROADS,
MINING INTERESTS, AND GENERAL RESOURCES;
THE COST OF FARM LANDS, HOW
TO OBTAIN TITLES,
THE HOMESTEAD AND OTHER LAND LAWS,
THE RATES OF WAGES, &c., &c.
WITH A COMPLETE HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION OF
THE PACIFIC RAILROAD.
BY
FREDERICK B. GODDARD.
Sold Only by Subscription.
THE PEOPLES PUBLISHING COMPANY,
PHILADELPHIA, PA.; CINCINNATI, OHIO;
CHICAGO, ILL.; ST. LOUIS, MO.
1869.
CONTENTS.
The Public Domain of the United States.—Topography.— Civil and Religious Rights.— Illustrious Immigrants.—National Prosperity.—Spirit of the Homestead and Preemption Laws.—What we Want and what we Offer.—Opportunities for Capitalists, Business Men and Farmers.—Progress of the New States and Territories, &c. 9
Hints to Emigrants.—The Instinct of Emigration.—Who should Emigrate and Why.—Beginning Life Anew.—It calls a Man out and gives him new Ideas.—How much Money required?―What one can do with Seven Hundred Dollars.—How to Choose a Location.—To the Foreign Emigrant.—Castle Garden.—Its System.—The " Labor Exchange," &c 16
Map―Crystal Lake―Yo-semite Valley―Discovery of Gold.—Marvelous Progress.—Influence of the Pacific Railroad.—Arable Land.—Products.—The Vine.—The Big Trees.—Mineral Resources.—Southern, Coast, Northern, Mountain, and Valley Counties.—Climate.— Travel.—Farm Labor.—Railroads.—Steamship Lines.―Immigration.—Price of Lands.—Soil.—Crops.—Fruits.―Wages.— Manufactures.—Newspapers.— People.— Correspondence 22
A Fertile Soil, and a Healthful Climate.—Progress.—Western Oregon.—Eastern.—Columbia River.—Premium Essay on Oregon.—Soil.—Best points for the Emigrant.—The Willamette Valley. —Harbors. — Fisheries. — Schools.— Churches.—Commerce.—Crops.—Minerals—Counties Described.—Price of Land.—Correspondence 51
Map―Situation.—Area.—The Cascade Mountains.—Climate like that of England.—Puget Sound, " The Mediterranean of the North Pacific."—Immense Forests.—Fisheries.—Price and Character of Land.—Productions.—Schools.—Indians. —A Thirty-Pound Salmon for a Dime.—Game.—Lumbering.—Wages.—Board 75
Trappers―Purchase from Russia.—Area.—Physical Features.—Climate.—Productions.—Minerals.—Furs.—Fisheries, &c 87
The " Silver State."—Surface Characteristics.—Lakes.—Salt Beds.—Timber.—Mineral Wealth.—The Comstock Lode. —Climate.—Social, Industrial, and Educational Progress. —Wages.—Board.—Description by Counties.—Soil.―Crops, &c. 96
The " Gem of the Mountains."—Rivers.—Valley of the Snake.—Boise Basin.—Towns.—Mines.—The "Poorman Mine." — Climate. — Soil.— Timber.— Population.— Improvements.—Sage Brush 108
Lewis and Clark's Explorations in this Region in 1803.―Climate.—Arable Lands.—Mountain Streams.—Grazing Lands.—Timber.—Coal.—Iron, &c.—Gold and Silver Mining.—Education.—Miscellaneous.—Correspondence 116
Early Settlement. —Surface Features.—Timber.—Climate.―Rivers.—Mineral Resources.—Indians.—Interesting Correspondence 134
Boundaries.—Soil Productive when Irrigated.—The Fiendish Apache.—Climate.—Minerals.—Land Values.—Crops, &c 141
First Settlement.—The Mormons.—Salt Lake City.—Polygamy.— Mormon Emigrants.— General Features.— Mountains.—Rivers.—Salt Lake.—Irrigation.—Mines.—Coal.―Iron, &c., &c.—Correspondence, including a letter from G. A. Smith, the Mormon Apostle 148
Gold Discoveries.—Settlement.—Patriotism of Coloradans.— General Description of Colorado.—Climate.—Fertile Soil.— Crops.—Fruit.—Coal.—Iron.—Mountain Regions.—Mines.—Description by Counties.—Southern Colorado.—Cost of Living.—Wages.—Routes of Travel, &c.—Correspondence 160
Signifies "Large Plains."—Boundaries.—Topography.— Soil.—Gold.—Coal.—Iron.—Lead.—Copper.—Oil and Salt Springs.—Timber.—Climate.—Rapid Growth.—The Indians' Hunting-Grounds will be turned into Cornfields, &c. 176
Named after the "Dakotas," or "Friendly People."—First Settlement.—Surface of the Country.—Millions and Millions of Acres of good Public Land.—Minerals.—Rivers. —Soil.— Crops.— Stock-Raising.— Climate.— Red River Valley.—Winters.—Correspondence.—Yancton. 180
Map―Omaha Station―Admitted as a State.—Growth and Prosperity.—The Great Plains.—Scarcity of Timber.—Fertility of Soil.—Platte Valley.—Abundant Pasturage.—Climate.―Price of Wild Lands in the different Counties.—Vast quantity of good Prairie Lands open to the Homestead Settler.—Coal.— Iron.—Crops.—Grasses.—Fruits.—Correspondence 192
Map―Early Political Struggles.—Kansas Scenery.—Climate.―Timber.— Surface Features.— Streams.— Salt.— Manufactures.—Railroads.—Inexhaustible Fertility of Soil.—Cities.—River Valleys described.—Products.—Price of Land in the different Counties.—Where Coal is found.—Horses and Cattle.—Correspondence. 207
Map―"Sky-Tinted Water."—Boundaries.—Historical Outline.—Indian Massacre of 1862.—Population.―A Contented and Prosperous People.—Rivers.—Great Number of Beautiful Lakes.—Soil.—Products.—The Growing Season.—Scenery. —Speckled Trout.— Game.—" Rock-Ribbed Hills and Slumbering Valleys."—Woodland and Prairie—Climate and Salubrity.—Minnesota for Pulmonary Diseases.—Water Power.—Minerals.—Railroads.―Price of Land.—Correspondence 227
Map―Prairie Home―Its Beautiful Prairies.—Advantages to the Emigrant.―Minerals.—Railroads.—Great Prosperity.―Timber.—Fertility of Soil.—Climate.—Health.—Description of Counties.—Model Farms.―1,200 acres in one Cornfield.—Education.—Government Land in Iowa.—Leading Cities.—Price of Land in each County.—Crops.—Grasses.—Stock.—Orchards.—Correspondence 243
Map―Great Natural Advantages.—Surface Features.—Rich Soil.— Coal.— Iron.— Lead.— Copper.— Zinc.— Cobalt, Nickel, &c.—Manufactures.—St. Louis.—Railroads.—Education. —Climate.—Price of Unimproved Lands in the several Counties. — Government Land. — Timber. — Products.―Pasture.—Fruits.—Correspondence 271
General Description.—Ten Million Acres Unsold Public Land.—Lakes .— Fish and Wild Fowl.— Climate.— Lumber.—Minerals.—Soil.—Productions.—Manufactures. —Price of Wild Land by Counties.—Timber, Seasons, &c. 299
The two Peninsulas.—The Lakes.—Forests.—Soil.—Copper and. Iron.— Lake Superior.— Mines.— Scenery.— Climate and Productions.— Other Minerals.— Manufactures.—Value of Farm Lands 310
Surveyor's Camp―Its Wonderful Growth and Development.—River and Lake Navigation. — Fertility.— Timber.— Minerals.— Price of Unimproved Land in Different Counties.—Agricultural Products.—Coal-fields.—Nearly Four Thousand Miles of Railroad, &c. 322
Who Want to go South.—Nature's Bounties.—Slavery.—Its Historical Outline.—Secession.—Four Long and Bloody Years.—Labor Disorganized.—Lack of Laborers.—Cheap Lands.—Why Emigrants have not gone South.—A new Era 331
Mother of Patriots and Statesmen.—George Washington.—Great Resources.—Scenery.—Government Lands all Sold. —Tide-Water Region.—Piedmont District.—The Shenandoah Valley.—Farms.— Inhabitants.—Crops.—Churches. —Timber.—Price of Lands.—Products.—Correspondence. 337
Admission as a State.—General Description.—Coal Lands.—Their increasing Value.—Minerals.—Petroleum.—Its Uses. —Flowing Wells.—Oil Territory.—Cheap Lands.—Climate.—Salubrity.—Schools.—Price of Lands.—Crops.―Fruits.—Correspondence 362
Area.—Surface.—Fertility.—Letter from Governor Worth.— Resources.— Climate.— Productions.— Minerals.— Manufactures.—Fisheries.—Public Schools.—Foreign Settlers. —Swamp Lands.—Game.—Fish.—Value of Land.—Correspondence 376
Map―Area.— Surface Description.— Favorable Location.— Six Varieties of Soil.—Health.—Grape-Growing.—Rivers.―Forests.—Game and Fish.—Climate.—Productions.—Live Stock.—Railroads.—Schools.—Price of Land.—Minerals. —Crops.—Correspondence 389
Map―Natural Advantages.— Gold Mines.— Water Resources.―Chances for the Emigrant.—Northeastern, Northwestern, Southwestern, and Southeastern Georgia.—Agriculture.―The Freedmen.—Cotton.—Cost of Improved Farms.―" We must have White Labor."—Grain.—Grasses.—Live Stock.—Minerals.—Treatment of Northern Men.—Land Values.—Georgia Letters 403
Map―Discovery by Ponce De Leon.— General Description.―Lands.—Productions.—Climate.—All Sorts of Questions Answered.— Price of Land.— Resources. — Crops.— Best Localities for Invalids.—Hotels.—Price of Board.—Rent. —Price of Provisions.—Roses bloom all Winter, &c 427
Map―Surface.— Soil.— Climate.— Vegetation.— Rivers.— Seven Million Acres Unsold Public Land.—Statistics.—Minerals. —Crops.—Price of Unimproved Lands.—Timber.—Fruits. —Letters 440
Map―Cotton Field―Area.—General Description.—Fertility of Soil.—Favorable Climate.— Jackson.— Natchez.— Vicksburg.— Price of Lands.—Cotton.—Wheat.—Mississippi Correspondence.—Immigrants' Cotton Plantation.—Its Profits.—Health.―Schools, &c . 452
Diversified Surface.— General Description.— Cumberland Table-Lands.— Advantages to the Emigrant.— Cities.— Present Land Values as compared with 1860.—Price of Lands.—Minerals.—Crops.—Yield per Acre.—What One Hand can Do.—Peanuts.—Fruits.—Correspondence 468
Map―Daniel Boone the First Immigrant.—His Straggles with the Indians.—General Description of Kentucky.—Most Productive Soil.—Coal.—Minerals.—Railways and Cities.—Price of Land.—Timber.—Crops.—Tobacco.—Yield per Acre.—Wheat.—Fruits.—Letters 480
Map―Its Great Size.—The Coast Region.—The Central Flower-Embroidered Prairie, the Plains and Uplands of the West.—Respective Productions.—The Wheat Region.— Stock-Raising and Sheep-Husbandry.— Mr. Randall's Description of Climate, Soil, Resources, Seasons, Health, &c.— Description of Characteristic Coast, Northern, Eastern, Central, Western, and Northeastern Counties.—Directions for a Small Farmer.— Land Titles.—Price of Land in different Counties, &c 492
Map―Area.—General Description.—Dense Forests.—Fertility.―Prairie Portions.—Climate.—New Orleans.—Description of St. Mary's Parish.—Its Gardens.—Climate.—Health.―Sugar Crop, &c.—Price of Lands.—Crops.―Correspondence 518
Map―Boundaries.—Description of Indian Territory on the West. —Area of Arkansas.—Nearly Twelve Million Acres Public Land yet Unsold—General Description of Arkansas. —Crops.—Education.—Hot Springs.—Medicinal Effects. —Chemical Analysis.— Wachita Oil Stone.—Price of Lands.—Correspondence 528
The Vast Plains.—Indian Tribes.—Whitney's Efforts for a Railroad.—The First Flash of War showed its Necessity.—Union Pacific Charter.—Government Aid.—Ground First Broken.—Early Difficulties.—The Pick and Shovel with the Rifle and Pistol.—Camp Followers.—Julesburg, Cheyenne, Sherman, Laramie, &c.— Business of the Road.—Commerce of India, China, Japan.—Benefits to the New Territories.― Impetus to Mining.— Future Towns and Cities.—Course of the Railroad.—Healthfulness of the Plains.—Dazzling Beauties of the Great Mountains.—The Invalid and Pleasure Seeker.—Equipments.―Palace Cars.—Forty Car-loads of Cattle daily.—Thomas C. Durant.—The Central Pacific Chartered, 1861.—Government Aid.— Early Obstacles.— The Sierra Nevadas.— Nearly a Million Dollars for Powder.—The Great Trade of the World.— Connections of the Central Pacific.—Other Lines will soon be Built.—These Roads really built by the American People.—More Liberal Passenger and Freight Rates should be Adopted.—Character of Lands along the Lines.—A " Band of Strength, a Bond of Union, a Harbinger of Prolonged Peace." 539
Farming the most Honorable, Healthful, and Enviable Calling in the World.—Great Demand for Farmers.—Tables showing rate of Farmers' Wages, in every section of the United States, by the Year, and by the Day.—Cost of Board of Farm Laborers, in every State and Territory 557
HOW TO OBTAIN TITLE TO PUBLIC LANDS.
By Location, Cash Purchases, Location with Warrants, College Scrip.—Pre-emptions.—How Made.—Homestead Land.— How Secured.— Fees and Commissions to be Paid.—Southern Land Sales.—Fees.—Heirs.—Sale of Homestead Claim, &c.—The Pre-emption Law.—Act of March 3, 1843.—Act of March 3, 1853.—Act of March 27, 1854.—THE HOMESTEAD LAW.―Act of March 21, 1864.—Act of June 21, 1866.—Forms of Application, &c., under the Homestead Law.—Location of all the United States Land Offices 561
ROUTES FOR THE EMIGRANT, FARES, &C.
Beware of City Swindlers.—Where to buy Tickets.—Luggage.—Emigrant Trains.—The Three Great Routes West from New York, and their connections.—Steamships.―How to reach Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Kansas, Dakota, Nebraska, Colorado, Arizona, Utah, Montana, the Pacific States, Virginia, Texas, and each of the Southern States.—A Table showing cost of Emigrant Tickets and charges for extra luggage, from New York to 132 Towns and Cities in the West and South.... 582